Mechanism
Certain wavelengths of light at certain intensities (or irradiance to use the technically correct term) delivered by laser, LED or another monochromatic source may affect tissue regeneration, inflammation, or pain.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]
The exact mechanism is still being explored and debated but it is likely that the mechanism is photochemical rather than heat-related.[32][33][34]The primary biological and physiologicaladenosine triphosphate[35][36][37][38], Reactive oxygen species[39][40][41][42][43], and nitric oxide.[44][45][46][47] effects include, up-regulation and down-regulation of
The factors of wavelength, effective dose, dose-rate effects, beam penetration, the role of coherence and pulses (peak power and repetition rates) are still poorly understood in the clinical setting. Laser average power is typically in the range of 1-500 mW; some high peak power, short pulse width devices are in the range of 1-100 W with typically 200 ns pulse widths. The average beam irradiance then is typically 10 mW/cm2 - 5 W/cm2. The wavelength is typically in the range 600-1000 nm (red to near infrared) but some research has been done and products are available outside this range.[48]
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